Mối quan hệ giữa độ mở thương mại và chất lượng môi trường: Bằng chứng thực nghiệm tại khu vực châu Á

Abstract

This study aims to evaluate the impact of trade openness and economic growth on environmental quality in 37 Asian countries from 2010 to 2023. By applying the Generalized Method of Moments (GMM) estimation, the empirical results indicate that trade openness, economic growth, foreign direct investment (FDI), and energy consumption intensity have a positive impact on environmental quality at the 10% significance level. Furthermore, the research confirms the existence of an inverted U-shaped Environmental Kuznets Curve (EKC); in other words, economic growth initially exacerbates environmental pollution, but in the long run, this growth generates the momentum needed to improve the environment. However, urbanization does not show a significant impact within the model. From a policy perspective, the study emphasizes that trade liberalization and income structural shifts are two critical factors that can help Asian countries achieve carbon neutrality and long-term sustainable development.